Analysis of the geomorphological features in the Hamrin Hills region and their impact on military operations against ISIS using artificial intelligence techniques

Abstract

       This study examined the geographical and military dimensions of the Hamrin Hills in Iraq by analyzing their geomorphological and climatic characteristics and their impact on combat operations. The results showed that the steep slopes, deep valleys, and rocky outcrops present natural obstacles to the movement of regular forces. Simultaneously, they provide strategic refuge for armed groups, who exploit them for fortifications, tunnel construction, and camps. The climatic factors (temperature, rainfall, wind, and humidity) also emerged as a multiplier in hindering or facilitating movement, directly affecting the effectiveness of soldiers and equipment. The study relied on the analysis of statistical tables (slope, depth of land and valleys, water network density, and movement) and linked them to military field interpretations. Spatial maps were also produced, illustrating strategic corridors, obstacle zones, and dominant peaks. The results showed that approximately half of the area falls within the medium to high obstacle categories, necessitating flexible field plans based on rapid-response units supported by aerial and engineering reconnaissance.