Arabic Letter from Manuscript to Print
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25130/jaa.17.59.5Keywords:
Manuscript, Arabic Script, Printed Matter, Arabic Language, Arabic Writings, Musnad Script, Nabataean ScriptAbstract
The research aims to reach the communication relationships between the handwritten letter and the printed letter, which lead us to the beginnings of the handwritten letter and how it reached the current printed letter. This relationship leads us to the beginnings of the formation of the paragraph that ended with the outputs of the completed book. Writing is originally a composition and organization of letters, and the book is extracted from previous sources and books, if it is written with a pen, joined, collected, threaded and beaded. It is said that a book is a paper, meaning that it is written with letters and joined them together, and the writer wrote books, meaning he collected them. Writing has become common in common usage for the work of the pen by hand in photographing and engraving letters, and for the written letters themselves. These relationships can take multiple forms and models, between copies of manuscripts and the texts of printed works.
Downloads
References
Subh Al-A'sha in the Art of Composition: Ahmad bin Ali bin Ahmad Al-Fazari Al-Qalqashandi then Al-Qahiri (d. 821 AH), 34, Dar Al-Kotob Al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut.
The Story of Civilization: Derwent, 142, translated by: Dr. Zaki Najib Mahmoud and others Publisher: Dar Al-Jeel, Beirut - Lebanon, Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization, Tunis Year of Publication: 1408 AH - 1988 AD.
Characteristics of Arabic Letters and Their Meanings - A Study -: Hassan Abbas, 121, published by the Arab Writers Union 1998.
Arabic Linguistics: Dr. Mahmoud Fahmy Hijazi, 1197 Dar Gharib for Printing, Publishing and Distribution.
Al-Muhkam fi Dots of the Qur’an: Othman bin Saeed Al-Dani, Damascus, 1960.
Journal of Arab History: History of the Arabic Letter, Dr. Muhammad Sadeed, Rabat 1/7566.
Muhammad Sadid, "Excavations on Printing in Morocco", Journal of Arab History, Issue 2, pp. 253-265.
Previous source, Journal of Arab History.
History of the Printed Arabic Letter, Journal of Arab History, 1/7581.
Thomas Erius (1584-1624). He published the first systematic book on the classical Arabic language in Leiden in 11613 AD.
The Universal Arabic Encyclopedia: Arabic Letters 1_3.
History of Ibn Khaldun: Abd al-Rahman bin Muhammad bin Muhammad, Ibn Khaldun, 1_730, Dar al-Fikr, Beirut, 2nd ed., 1408 AH - 1988 AD.
Al-Mufassal fi Tarikh al-Arab Qabl al-Islam: Jawad Ali, 15_208, Dar Saqi, 4th ed., 1422 AH/2001 AD.
Al-Mufassal fi Tarikh al-Arab Qabl al-Islam: Jawad Ali, 15202 Dar al-Saqi, Beirut, 4th ed., 1422 AH/2001 AD
Al-Mufassal fi Tarikh al-Arab Qabl al-Islam: Jawad Ali, Beirut, Dar al-Saqi, 4th ed., 1422 AH/2001 AD, p. 215, vol. 15.
Al-Iqd al-Farid: Shihab al-Din Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abd Rabbah ibn Habib ibn Hudayr ibn Salim known as Ibn Abd Rabbah al-Andalusi (died: 328 AH), 4239, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah - Beirut, 1st ed., 1404 AH
Ibn Khaldun's Introduction: Ibn Khaldun, 1418, Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi Beirut - Lebanon.
History of Arabic Literature: Shawqi Dayf, Dar al-Maarif - Egypt, vol. 1, p. 35.
Christianity and its Literature among the Arabs of the Pre-Islamic Era: Rizq Allah ibn Yusuf, vol. 1, p. 70.
Studies in the History of Ancient Arabs: Muhammad Bayumi Mahran, Dar Al-Ma’rifah Al-Jami’iyah, 2nd ed., Vol. 1, p. 312.